The national development programme NDP for most developing countries have good intentions in empowering their citizens and moving positively on the way out of poverty towards better and affordable standards both at individual and national levels. The NDPs for Zambia and Uganda, for example desire a movement from low income to medium income societies in their respective countries.

At the international level, the millennium development goals MDGs have clear set targets to be achieved by the year 2015. MDG 1, target 1 for example, resonate a world free of extreme poverty, where this is defined as earning less than a dollar per day. In Uganda, this translates into being able to buy about three-quarters of a kilogramme of sugar a day. Using this measure therefore implies that if someone in Uganda is able to buy 285 kilogrammes of sugar in a year, then one is regarded as not living in extreme poverty. But what is the human wellness worth for 285 kilogrammes of sugar in a whole year!

Despite all these attempts indicating both national and international good will towards alleviating livelihoods of people across the world, the standards of living have in the hard terms consistently deteriorated over time. There are many factors that come into play to aid one in theorising the actual root cause of this anomalous trend of events.

The unilateral analysis model (UAM) of how the developed nations made it indicates to the fact that they inevitably exploited both natural and human resources for a far selfish need. Can the less developed nations follow the same theory of development? This is very unlikely because of the imminent global initiatives to reverse the effects of climate change.

The bilateral analysis model (BAM) of development points at a key subject of giving back to the least developing countries in terms of developmental assistance. But has been successful? A quick no explained by implementation loopholes that form either reversal (backward siphoning) or forward loss (corruption). The efforts by the developed countries towards alleviating their sister non-developed are commendable, but the cancer of bad governance has heavily curtailed the good causes and intentions of the BAM model.